In what way does Look Back in Anger reflect the mood and temper of post-war England?
Summery :
Look Back in Anger begins in the attic flat apartment of Jimmy Porter and Alison Porter. The setting is mid-1950's small town England. Jimmy and Alison share their apartment with Cliff Lewis, a young working class man who is best friends with Jimmy. Cliff and Jimmy both come from a working class background, though Jimmy has had more education than Cliff. They are in business together running a sweet-stall. Alison comes from a more prominent family and it is clear from the beginning that Jimmy resents this fact.
The first act opens on a Sunday in April. Jimmy and Cliff
are reading the Sunday papers while Alison is ironing in a corner of the room.
Jimmy is a hot tempered young man and he begins to try and provoke both Cliff
and Alison. He is antagonistic towards Cliff's working class background and
makes fun of him for his low intelligence. Cliff is good natured and takes the
antagonism. Jimmy attempts to provoke his wife, Alison, by making fun of her
family and her well-heeled life before she married him. Jimmy also seems to
display a nostalgia for England's powerful past. He notes that the world has
entered a "dreary" American age, a fact he begrudgingly accepts.
Alison tires of Jimmy's rants and begs for peace. This makes Jimmy more fevered
in his insults. Cliff attempts to keep peace between the two and this leads to
a playful scuffle between the two. Their wrestling ends up running into Alison,
causing her to fall down. Jimmy is sorry for the incident, but Alison makes him
leave the room.
After Jimmy leaves, Alison confides to Cliff that she is
pregnant with Jimmy's child, though she has not yet told Jimmy. Cliff advises
her to tell him, but when Cliff goes out and Jimmy re-enters the room, the two
instead fall into an intimate game. Jimmy impersonates a stuffed bear and
Alison impersonates a toy squirrel. Cliff returns to tell Alison that her old
friend, Helena Charles, has called her on the phone. Alison leaves to take the
call and returns with the news that Helena is coming to stay for a visit. Jimmy
does not like Helena and goes into a rage in which he wishes that Alison would
suffer in order to know what it means to be a real person. He curses her and
wishes that she could have a child only to watch it die.
Two weeks later, Helena has arrived and Alison discusses her
relationship with Jimmy. She tells of how they met and how, in their younger
days, they used to crash parties with their friend Hugh Tanner. Jimmy maintains
an affection for Hugh's mother, though his relationship with Hugh was strained
when Hugh left to travel the world and Jimmy stayed to be with Alison. Jimmy
seems to regret that he could not leave, but he is also angry at Hugh for
abandoning his mother. Helena inquires about Alison's affectionate relationship
with Cliff and Alison tells her that they are strictly friends.
Cliff and Jimmy return to the flat and Helena tells them
that she and Alison are leaving for church. Jimmy goes into an anti-religious
rant and ends up insulting Alison's family once again. Helena becomes angry and
Jimmy dares her to slap him on the face, warning her that he will slap her
back. He tells her of how he watched his father die as a young man. His father
had been injured fighting in the Spanish Civil War and had returned to England
only to die shortly after. Alison and Helena begin to leave for church and
Jimmy feels betrayed by his wife.
A phone call comes in for Jimmy and he leaves the room.
Helena tells Alison that she has called Alison's father to come get her and
take her away from this abusive home. Alison relents and says that she will go
when her father picks her up the next day. When Jimmy returns, he tells Alison
that Mrs. Tanner, Hugh's mother, has become sick and is going to die. Jimmy
decides to visit her and he demands that Alison make a choice of whether to go
with Helena or with him. Alison picks up her things and leaves for church and
Jimmy collapses on the bed, heartbroken by his wife's decision.
The next evening Alison is packing and talking with her
father, Colonel Redfern. The Colonel is a soft spoken man who realizes that he
does not quite understand the love that exists between Jimmy and Alison. He
admits that the actions of him and his wife are partly to blame for their
split. The Colonel was an officer in the British military and served in India
and he is nostalgic for his time there. He considers his service to be some of
the best years of his life. Alison observes that her father is hurt because the
present is not the past and that Jimmy is hurt because he feels the present is
only the past. Alison begins to pack her toy squirrel, but then she decides not
to do so.
Helena and Cliff soon enter the scene. Alison leaves a
letter for Jimmy explaining why she has left and she gives it to Cliff. After
Alison leaves, Cliff becomes angry and gives the letter to Helena, blaming her
for the situation. Jimmy returns, bewildered that he was almost hit by Colonel
Redfern's car and that Cliff pretended not to see him when he was walking by on
the street. He reads Alison's letter and becomes very angry. Helena tells him
that Alison is pregnant, but Jimmy tells her that he does not care. He insults
Helena and she slaps him, then passionately kisses him.
Several months pass and the third act opens with Jimmy and
Cliff once again reading the Sunday papers while Helena stands in the corner
ironing. Jimmy and Cliff still engage in their angry banter and Helena's
religious tendencies have taken the brunt of Jimmy's punishment. Jimmy and
Cliff perform scenes from musicals and comedy shows but when Helena leaves,
Cliff notes that things do not feel the same with her here. Cliff then tells
Jimmy that he wants to move out of the apartment. Jimmy takes the news calmly
and tells him that he has been a loyal friend and is worth more than any woman.
When Helena returns, the three plan to go out. Alison suddenly enters.
Alison and Helena talk while Jimmy leaves the room. He
begins to loudly play his trumpet. Alison has lost her baby and looks sick.
Helena tells Alison that she should be angry with her for what she has done,
but Alison is only grieved by the loss of her baby. Helena is driven to
distraction by Jimmy's trumpet playing and demands that he come into the room.
When he comes back in, he laments the fact that Alison has lost the baby but
shrugs it off. Helena then tells Jimmy and Alison that her sense of morality --
right and wrong -- has not diminished and that she knows she must leave. Alison
attempts to persuade her to stay, telling her that Jimmy will be alone if she
leaves.
When Helena leaves, Jimmy attempts to once again become
angry but Alison tells him that she has now gone through the emotional and physical
suffering that he has always wanted her to feel. He realizes that she has
suffered greatly, has become like him, and becomes softer and more tender
towards her. The play ends with Jimmy and Alison embracing, once again playing
their game of bear and squirrel.
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